The light from the galaxies used by the researchers travelled 11 billion light-years to reach Earth. In this way, the researchers studied how clusters of galaxies emerge by taking photographs of young grandparent galaxies in the universe and then fast-forwarding their age. “It's like finding an old black-and-white picture of your grandfather and creating a video of his life,” he said. The galaxies that telescopes detect now represent a glimpse of the past because light from the distant universe is reaching Earth only now.
Khee-Gan Lee, project assistant professor, compared designing the simulation to building a time machine. Metin Ata, the first author and researcher at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, said that they wanted to study how structures began and ended in a complete simulation of the genuine distant universe.ĬOSTCO or 'COnstrained Simulations of The COsmos Field' was the result of their research. The findings were published in the journal Nature Astronomy. They discovered that recent studies of distant protoclusters were oversimplified, implying that they were carried out using simple models rather than simulations. Massive galaxy protoclusters, which are predecessors of today's galaxy clusters before they could gather under their own gravity, piqued the curiosity of the researchers. However, most simulations of this type have only been used to observe our local universe, never for distant observations. Constrained cosmological simulations, on the other hand, are intended to replicate the structures we see in the cosmos. Most are simply statistically constructed to resemble the real world. Cosmological simulations are essential for understanding how the universe came to be the way it is today, but many of them do not match what astronomers see through telescopes. For the first time, scientists have constructed simulations that directly mimic the whole life cycle of some of the greatest collections of galaxies discovered 11 billion years ago in the distant universe.
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